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(Des(1-3) IGF-1; N-terminal truncated IGF-1 analogue; IGF-1R agonist)
IGF-DES is a threeβamino acid N-terminal truncated variant of IGF-1.
This modification markedly reduces binding affinity to IGF-Binding Proteins (IGFBP-1 through IGFBP-6), resulting in a larger fraction of bioactive, free ligand and enhanced IGF-1R signaling in vitro.
Class: Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
Mechanism: Ligand binding β receptor dimerization β Ξ²-subunit autophosphorylation
IGF-DES binds IGF-1R extracellular Ξ±-subunit
IGF-1R dimerizes
Tyrosine autophosphorylation on Ξ²-subunits
Recruitment and phosphorylation of:
IRS-1 / IRS-2
Shc adaptor complexes
PI3K and Grb2/SOS
Primary pathway for metabolic regulation, protein synthesis, and cell survival.
PI3K converts PIP2 β PIP3
PDK1 and mTORC2 phosphorylate Akt
Akt activates:
mTORC1
p70S6K
4E-BP1
GSK-3Ξ² inhibition
Gene targets commonly monitored:
MYOD1, MYOG (myogenic differentiation)
EIF4EBP1, RPLP0, RPS6 (translation machinery)
PGC-1Ξ± (mitochondrial biogenesis)
BCL2, MCL1 (anti-apoptotic signaling)
Mitogenic and proliferative signaling branch.
IRS-1/Shc recruit Grb2/SOS
Ras-GTP activates Raf
Raf phosphorylates MEK1/2
MEK1/2 phosphorylates ERK1/2
ERK-responsive genes:
FOS, JUN, EGR1
Cyclins (CCND1, CCNE1) driving cell-cycle progression
Certain models observe:
STAT3/STAT5 phosphorylation
Transcription of growth/differentiation genes
Because DES removes the first three N-terminal amino acids:
Significantly reduced affinity for IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5
Higher proportion of unbound ligand
Stronger and faster IGF-1R phosphorylation
Broader receptor availability in extracellular space
| Component | Activity in IGF-DES Signaling |
|---|---|
| IGF-1R TK domain | Autophosphorylation and substrate recruitment |
| IRS-1/2 | Scaffold for PI3K and Grb2 |
| PI3K | PIP2 β PIP3 conversion |
| PDK1 / mTORC2 | Akt activation |
| Akt/PKB | Cell survival, glucose metabolism, protein synthesis |
| mTORC1 | Protein translation and ribosomal biogenesis |
| ERK1/2 | Mitogenic transcription |
| Functional Area | Representative Genes |
|---|---|
| Protein Synthesis / Hypertrophy | mTOR, S6K1, 4EBP1, RPS6 |
| Muscle Cell Growth | MYOD1, MYOG, IGF-1, IGF-1R |
| Mitochondrial Biogenesis | PGC-1Ξ±, NRF1, TFAM |
| Cell-Cycle & Proliferation | CCND1, CCNE1, FOS, JUN, EGR1 |
| Anti-apoptotic Signaling | BCL2, MCL1, SOD2 |
IGF-1R agonist with reduced IGFBP sequestration
Stronger activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 pathways
Rapid receptor phosphorylation and transcriptional gene activation
Frequently studied in cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic models
IGF-DES is provided exclusively for controlled in-vitro laboratory research.
It is not approved for human or animal consumption, administration, therapeutic use, diagnostic use, or any form of biological application outside laboratory settings.
| Weight | N/A |
|---|---|
| Size | 0.1 Mg |
