Description
AOD-9604 – Advanced Biochemical Mechanism & Signaling Profile
Fragment 177-191 of Human Growth Hormone (hGH)
AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 15–amino-acid region (177-191) of human growth hormone. In research models, this fragment retains a subset of hGH’s metabolic signaling properties without activating the classical growth hormone receptor (GHR), making it useful for studying metabolic pathways independent of IGF-1–mediated growth signaling.
✅ Primary Pathway: Lipolytic & Metabolic Signaling
Unlike full-length hGH, AOD-9604 does not induce IGF-1 production via JAK2/STAT5 activation.
Instead, in in-vitro research, AOD-9604 is investigated for:
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Enhanced lipolytic enzyme activity
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Fatty-acid mobilization
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling
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cAMP-dependent pathways
Research indicates AOD-9604 can modulate HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) and ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase)—two core enzymes regulating triglyceride breakdown.
✅ Enzymes & Metabolic Targets Examined
| Target | Research Activity |
|---|---|
| HSL (Hormone-Sensitive Lipase) | Triglyceride → diglyceride conversion |
| ATGL | Initial hydrolysis of stored triglycerides |
| CPT-1 | Fatty-acid transport into mitochondria |
| ACC (Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase) | Inactivated when AMPK is active → increased β-oxidation |
| AMPK | Energy-sensing enzyme that shifts metabolism toward fat oxidation |
Research models demonstrate increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased activity of ACC, promoting mitochondrial fatty-acid entry and β-oxidation.
✅ Signaling Cascades & Second Messengers
In adipocyte and metabolic studies, AOD-9604 has been associated with:
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↑ cAMP accumulation
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PKA activation
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AMPK phosphorylation
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Increased mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation
These pathways bypass full hGH receptor activation, offering a tool to study selective metabolic signaling without inducing growth-related JAK/STAT pathways.
✅ Downstream Gene & Transcriptional Targets
Research interest has focused on changes in transcription factors and metabolic genes such as:
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PGC-1α – mitochondrial biogenesis regulator
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CPT1A / CPT1B – fatty-acid transport genes
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ACOX1, ACADs – peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation
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PPAR-α and PPAR-δ – lipid-metabolism nuclear receptors
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UCPs (uncoupling proteins) – thermogenic and oxidative capacity genes
These are investigated for their role in shifting metabolism toward fatty-acid utilization.
✅ Why AOD-9604 Is Distinct From hGH
| Property | hGH | AOD-9604 |
|---|---|---|
| Binds Growth Hormone Receptor | ✅ Yes | ❌ Not observed |
| Activates JAK2/STAT5 → IGF-1 | ✅ Yes | ❌ Not observed |
| Metabolic / Lipolytic Signaling | ✅ Yes | ✅ Yes |
| Research Focus | Growth & metabolism | Selective metabolism only |
This distinction makes AOD-9604 valuable for non-IGF-1-mediated metabolic studies.
Research-Only Classification
AOD-9604 is supplied strictly for in-vitro laboratory and scientific research.
It is not a drug, supplement, therapy, or diagnostic agent, and is not approved for human or animal use.
