This material is suppliedΒ exclusively as a laboratory research chemicalΒ forΒ in vitro scientific study. All descriptions and are providedΒ for informational and educational purposes only.
This compound isΒ not approvedΒ for human or animal consumption, injection, ingestion, inhalation, topical use, or any other biological application. It must be handled only by qualified, trained personnel in a properly equipped laboratory.
This product isΒ notΒ a drug, supplement, food, cosmetic, or therapeutic agent, and it may not be rebranded, repackaged, or marketed as any such item.Β Misuse, mislabeling, or unauthorized application is strictly prohibited.
Nothing on this website constitutes medical advice, professional guidance, or a recommendation of use.
(Actin-binding peptide; cytoskeletal regulator; angiogenesis modulator β research use only)
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Ξ²4, a highly conserved 43-amino-acid peptide involved in G-actin binding, F-actin polymerization, endothelial migration, and angiogenic signaling.
In vitro, TB-500 influences cytoskeletal organization, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and transcription of angiogenesis-related genes through PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and NO/eNOS pathways.
TB-500 binds monomeric G-actin, regulating:
Actin polymerization β F-actin fiber formation
Lamellipodia generation
Directional cell migration
Actin remodeling affects focal adhesion proteins, integrins, and ECM-interaction signaling.
Activation of PI3K leads to:
Akt phosphorylation
Increased cell survival, motility, and angiogenic transcription
Common downstream genes:
BCL2, BCL-XL (anti-apoptotic)
HIF-1Ξ± (oxygen-response regulator)
VEGFA
TB-500 stimulates:
Ras β Raf β MEK β ERK1/2 phosphorylation
ERK translocates to nucleus β transcription of immediate-early genes
ERK-responsive genes:
FOS, JUN, EGR1
MMP2, MMP9 (matrix remodeling)
COL1A1, FN1 (Fibronectin)
Akt and ERK signaling can elevate:
eNOS phosphorylation (NOS3)
Nitric oxide production
Vasodilation & endothelial migration in vascular culture models
TB-500 influences proteins that shape actin architecture:
| Protein / Gene | Role |
|---|---|
| ACTB / ACTG1 (Ξ²- and Ξ³-actin) | Actin monomers for polymerization |
| Profilin (PFN1) | Accelerates actin filament elongation |
| Cofilin (CFL1) | Actin turnover / depolymerization |
| Arp2/3 Complex | Branching of actin fibers |
| VASP | Focal adhesion and membrane protrusion |
TB-500 modulates extracellular matrix enzymes and growth factors:
| Target | Effect |
|---|---|
| MMP2 & MMP9 | Basement membrane degradation, migration pathways |
| COL1A1, COL3A1 | Collagen expression in structural models |
| FGF-2, VEGFA | Angiogenic signaling |
| TGF-Ξ²1 | ECM deposition and fibroblast activity |
| Functional Class | Genes Commonly Monitored |
|---|---|
| Cytoskeleton | ACTB, ACTG1, PFN1, CFL1, ARPC2 |
| Angiogenesis | VEGFA, KDR/VEGFR2, FGF2, HIF-1Ξ± |
| ECM Remodeling | MMP2, MMP9, COL1A1, FN1 |
| Survival Signaling | BCL2, BCL-XL, mTOR |
| Immediate-Early Response | FOS, JUN, EGR1 |
| Messenger | Mechanistic Role |
|---|---|
| NO (Nitric Oxide) | Vasodilation, endothelial migration |
| CaΒ²βΊ | Cytoskeletal contraction & focal adhesion turnover |
| ERK1/2 | Mitogenic gene transcription |
| Akt | Cell survival & angiogenic gene activation |
Actin-binding peptide regulating G-actin β F-actin polymerization
Activates PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and eNOS pathways
Drives transcription of angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, cytoskeletal, and cell survival genes
Affects MMP2/9, VEGF, collagen, and integrin-linked motility machinery in research systems
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) is supplied exclusively for controlled in-vitro laboratory research.
Not approved for human or animal administration, therapeutic use, or any biological application outside research environments.
| Weight | N/A |
|---|---|
| Size | 5 Mg, 10 Mg |
